The International Year of Astronomy

Galileo Galilei. Portrait in crayon by Leoni.
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Astronomers world wide celebrated the 400th anniversary of the very first observations made using a telescope, by Galileo Galilei, by declaring 2009 to be an International Year of Astronomy. Organized by the International Union of Astronomy (the IUA), this event was intended to educate the citizens of earth about the fantastic cultural contributions that the science of astronomy has made over the last four centuries.

Collaborative committees comprised of professional and amateur astronomers were formed to manage most of the IUA events, called “sidewalk astronomy events,” which took place at planetariums and public Observatories across the globe. Individuals could also contribute privately, assessing for themselves where the need was greatest. However, the most successful element of the IYA was probably the eleven so called, “Cornerstone projects.”

One of these projects, called “Dark Skies Awareness,” was to measure, and to provide education about, light pollution. This project was broken up into three separate programs (GLOBE at night, the Great World Wide Star Count, and How Many Stars) that all did essentially the same thing, though at different times during the year. These programs provided people first hand experience dealing with light pollution through “star hunts” or “star counts.”

A year later, in 2010, it seems clear that all the effort that was expended to create fun and accessible projects has not been wasted. Knowing that the science of astronomy is one of the few sciences that amateurs can make a significant contribution to has inspired some ambitious amateurs to make important advances in astrophotography. Perhaps because of this new interest and these amateur contributions some fantastic new websites about the science of astronomy, such as such as this one, show that the public’s interest has been peaked.

It looks like the International Year of Astronomy was a resounding success.

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Space events observed from astronomy observatory

The Very Large Array at Socorro, New Mexico, U...
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Since man first roamed the Earth, people looked toward the skies with curiosity. Modern day man has a powerful tool to observe outer space, the astronomy observatory. Several such observatories exist throughout the world, including many in the United States.
From these observatories, events like supernovas, black holes and solar flares are observed and recorded. Scientists can compare what they see with researchers working in observatories across the globe to better understand these space phenomena.
Astronomy observatories are located in the countryside with some of the most powerful observatories located in remote areas because of light pollution. Lights from households and businesses make viewing outer space more difficult so scientists find education about light pollutions important in observatory areas. The observatories are also often built in places with many clear nights each year so that the scientists can work more days out of the year. They’re also often built at higher elevations because the Earth’s atmosphere is thinner and astronomers don’t have to to deal with as much atmospheric turbulence at higher elevations.
Most astronomy observatories include a dome that’s often retractable to protect the powerful viewing microscopes from the elements. Often the portion of the dome that’s retractable is only a small slit. The dome rotates around to allow scientists to focus on any part of the night sky.
Humans have been using observatories for years. The oldest recorded observatory was in use around 150 BC in Greece.
According to experts, a ridge on Antarctica today is the best place for an observatory because of clear weather and the least amount of atmospheric interruption.
In the United States, Hawaii and the Southwestern United States are considered good viewing areas with observatories located in both locations. Observatories are also often located on college campuses for students enrolled in astronomy classes to view space events.

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